Fusarium diversity and mycotoxin occurrence in proso millet in Korea

The incidence and toxicological characteristics of mycotoxigenic Fusarium were assessed in 24 proso millet samples collected from fields on Jeju Island, Korea. isolates the comprised F. asiaticum (19.5%), acuminatum (12.4%), graminearum (11.8%), incarnatum (10.7%), equiseti tricinctum (8.9%), 12 other species. contaminated with zearalenone (62.5%), deoxynivalenol (45.8%), nivalenol (41.7%) at maximum levels 117.7, 861.8, 433.2 ng/g, respectively. T-2/HT-2 toxins also detected. Co-occurrence more than two mycotoxins was observed 58.3% (14/24) samples. results an vitro assay mycotoxin production revealed that 19 22 produced least one rice medium. asiaticum, graminearum, kyushuense, incarnatum, DON, NIV, ZEN. Two fujikuroi high FBs (3777–12,424 ?g/g, sum B1 B2). tricinctum, acuminatum, up to 13.48 ?g/g. These findings demonstrate major species found Korean are mycotoxigenic, thus further monitoring is necessary.